Sains
Malaysiana 53(7)(2024): 1631-1643
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-12
Imobilisasi Nanozarah Ag/TiO2 Ekstrak Beko pada Membran Fotomangkin
Poliakrilonitril(PAN) untuk Penyingkiran
Pewarna Metilena Biru
(Immobilization of Ag/TiO2 Nanoparticles of Beko Extract on Photocatalytic Membranes
Polyacrylonitrile(PAN) for Methylene Blue Dye Removal)
RIZAFIZAH OTHAMAN1,2,*,
SHARIFAH EDEYATUL QHUSRAH SYED OTHMAN1, NAZWA JON1,3,
ZAITUN GHAZALI4, MOHD FIRDAUS MOHD YUSOFF1 & DIYANA
KAMARUDIN1,2
1Jabatan Sains Kimia, Fakulti Sains dan
Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Polymer Research Centre (PORCE), Fakulti Sains
dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor,
Malaysia
3Fakulti Sains Gunaan, Universiti Teknologi
MARA, Cawangan Perak Kampus Tapah,
35400 Jalan Tapah, Perak, Malaysia
4Institute of Teacher Education, Technical
Education Campus, Bandar Enstek, 71760 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 4 April 2024/Diterima: 1 Jun 2024
Abstrak
Kewujudan pewarna metilena biru (MB) dalam
persekitaran akuatik merupakan satu ancaman alam sekitar yang menjadi isu di
seluruh dunia. Struktur aromatik yang kompleks, sifat hidrofilik dan kestabilan
MB menjadikannya sukar untuk disingkirkan menggunakan proses rawatan air
konvensional. Kaedah fotomangkin menggunakan nanozarah TiO2 dan ZnO2 dapat mendegradasikan MB. Namun, kelemahan TiO2 sebagai fotomangkin
ialah jurang jalur tenaga yang besar, memerlukan tenaga yang tinggi seperti
sinaran ultra, penggabungan semula pasangan lubang elektron yang menyebabkan
fotoaktiviti berkurang dan sukar digunakan dalam bentuk serbuk. Dalam kajian
ini, nanozarah TiO2 diubah suai dengan argentum, Ag dan dipegunkan
ke atas membran poliakrilonitril (PAN) untuk merawat MB. Fotomangkin Ag/TiO2 disintesis melalui kaedah sintesis hijau menggunakan ekstrak daun Beko (Oroxylum indicum) yang berfungsi sebagai
agen penurunan dan penstabil. Fotomangkin yang terhasil dipegunkan pada
permukaan membran PAN dengan kaedah penyalutan celupan dalam kepekatan larutan
yang berbeza (0.2, 0.6 dan 1.0 g/L). Kesan penambahan fotomangkin Ag/TiO2 kepada sifat fizikokimia dan morfologi membran dicirikan. Kecekapan
fotodegradasi sampel membran dinilai melalui fotodegradasi MB dalam keadaan
optimum di bawah sinaran cahaya tampak. Difraktogram XRD menunjukkan struktur
nanozarah TiO2 adalah dalam fasa anatas bersesuaian sebagai
fotomangkin. Membran PAN yang dicelup dalam larutan Ag/TiO2 berkepekatan 1.0 g/L menunjukkan peratusan fotodegradasi MB yang paling tinggi
sebanyak 74.52% dengan jurang jalur tenaga membran sebanyak 2.19 eV. Dapat
disimpulkan bahawa membran PAN disalut Ag/TiO2 merupakan salah satu
pendekatan yang berkesan bagi menyingkirkan MB di bawah cahaya tampak. Kajian
ini dapat menyumbang kepada teknologi rawatan air pada masa hadapan disebabkan
kaedah sintesis yang mesra alam dan rawatan air yang lebih berkesan.
Kata kunci: Ag/TiO2; ekstrak daun
Beko; fotodegradasi; membran fotomangkin; metilena biru
Abstract
The presence of methylene blue (MB) dye in
aquatic environments poses an environmental threat that has become a global
issue. The complex aromatic structure, hydrophilic properties, and stability of
MB make it difficult to remove using conventional water treatment processes.
Photocatalytic methods using nanoparticles like TiO2 and ZnO2 can degrade MB. However, the drawbacks of TiO2 as a photocatalyst
include a large energy band gap requiring high energy such as ultraviolet
radiation, the recombination of electron-hole pairs leading to reduced
photoactivity, and the difficulty in using it in powder form. In this study,
TiO2 nanoparticles were modified with silver (Ag) and immobilized
onto a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane to treat MB under visible light. The
Ag/TiO2 photocatalyst was synthesized through a green synthesis
method using Beko leaf (Oroxylum indicum)
extract, which acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The resulting
photocatalyst was immobilized on the surface of the PAN membrane using a
dip-coating method at different solution concentrations (0.2, 0.6, and 1.0
g/L). The effects of adding Ag/TiO2 photocatalyst on the
physicochemical properties and morphology of the membrane were characterized.
The efficiency of degrading MB samples was evaluated through the
photodegradation of MB dye under optimal conditions under visible light. XRD
diffractogram indicated that the TiO2 nanoparticle structure was in
the anatase phase and suitable as a photocatalyst. PAN membrane dipped in 1.0
g/L Ag/TiO2 solution showed the highest MB photodegradation
percentage of 74.52% with a membrane band gap energy of 2.19 eV. It can be
concluded that Ag/TiO2-coated PAN membrane is an effective approach
for removing MB under visible light. This study contributes to future water
treatment technology due to its environmentally friendly synthesis method and
more effective water treatment.
Keywords: Ag/TiO2; Beko leaves
extract; methylene blue; photocatalytic membrane; photodegradation
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: rizafizah@ukm.edu.my
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